{"id":68495,"date":"2025-10-22T09:25:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T09:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/?p=68495"},"modified":"2025-10-23T01:07:06","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T01:07:06","slug":"5-incoterms-comunes-importantes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/es\/5-important-common-incoterms\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Incoterms comunes importantes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfEs usted un nuevo importador o exportador que ni siquiera sabe qu\u00e9 son los Incoterms? Tanto si su negocio utiliza transporte terrestre como mar\u00edtimo, es fundamental que conozca las normas y t\u00e9rminos aplicables. Comencemos con una breve introducci\u00f3n y luego le hablar\u00e9 de los cinco Incoterms m\u00e1s b\u00e1sicos e importantes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los Incoterms?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incoterms es la abreviatura de T\u00e9rminos Comerciales Internacionales. Fue publicado por la CCI, la C\u00e1mara de Comercio Internacional, en 1936. La CCI actualiza peri\u00f3dicamente los Incoterms para adaptarse a las cambiantes pr\u00e1cticas comerciales. Los Incoterms han desempe\u00f1ado un papel importante en la promoci\u00f3n del comercio global.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aunque los Incoterms son reconocidos mundialmente, no son obligatorios; su funci\u00f3n es aclarar las responsabilidades de compradores y vendedores para evitar p\u00e9rdidas innecesarias. La elecci\u00f3n de los t\u00e9rminos depender\u00e1 de la negociaci\u00f3n entre usted y su colaborador.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los 5 Incoterms b\u00e1sicos m\u00e1s utilizados<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.FOB (franco a bordo)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literalmente hablando, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/es\/incoterms-fob\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ENGA\u00d1AR<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Solo se aplica al transporte mar\u00edtimo. El vendedor transporta la mercanc\u00eda al puerto y la embarca; el comprador se hace cargo del env\u00edo y paga los gastos de env\u00edo. Si desea que compradores y vendedores asuman una responsabilidad justa, elija FOB como t\u00e9rmino comercial. El FOB se puede dividir en dos tipos, seg\u00fan qui\u00e9n asuma los principales costes de transporte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Punto de env\u00edo FOB: el vendedor env\u00eda la mercanc\u00eda al puerto y, en el barco designado, el comprador asume la responsabilidad, incluido el flete mar\u00edtimo, despu\u00e9s de eso.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FOB Destino: El vendedor asume la responsabilidad hasta que la mercanc\u00eda llega al destino predeterminado; el comprador asume el riesgo y los costes despu\u00e9s de eso.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventaja: Los compradores pueden controlar el proceso de env\u00edo y ver el costo real de la mercanc\u00eda con mayor claridad. Los vendedores pueden controlar la mercanc\u00eda antes del transporte si el comprador se retrasa en el pago.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desventaja: Para los compradores sin experiencia en log\u00edstica global, ser\u00e1 dif\u00edcil organizar el transporte y la documentaci\u00f3n importante. Para los vendedores, podr\u00edan tener que asumir costos adicionales de almacenamiento en puerto si el barco se retrasa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/FOB.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68497 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68497\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/FOB.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/FOB.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/FOB-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/FOB-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.CIF (Costo, Seguro, Flete)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/es\/cif-china\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CIF<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Solo est\u00e1 disponible para env\u00edos mar\u00edtimos. Si el vendedor necesita ofrecer mayor protecci\u00f3n al comprador o si se le solicit\u00f3 el pago del flete y el seguro por adelantado, compradores y vendedores suelen optar por el m\u00e9todo CIF. El vendedor asume la responsabilidad hasta que la mercanc\u00eda llegue al puerto de destino; el comprador asume el control despu\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si eres un nuevo importador o tienes una peque\u00f1a cantidad de mercanc\u00edas, CIF ser\u00e1 la mejor opci\u00f3n, no tendr\u00e1s que pasar por el complejo proceso, pero debes saber que tendr\u00e1s que pagar m\u00e1s del valor de la mercanc\u00eda, ya que el vendedor a\u00f1adir\u00e1 los costes, y habr\u00e1 m\u00e1s problemas si eliges la compra al por mayor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventaja: Para transacciones peque\u00f1as, el uso de CIF puede simplificar el proceso y ahorrar esfuerzo al comprador y al vendedor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desventaja: CIF s\u00f3lo requiere el seguro m\u00ednimo, que no puede cubrir todos los riesgos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CIF.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68499 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68499\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CIF.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CIF.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CIF-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CIF-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.EXW (Ex f\u00e1brica)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cuando se trata de transporte multimodal, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/es\/exw-china\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EXW<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> es la opci\u00f3n m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil para los vendedores, en este Incoterm, el vendedor solo necesita preparar las mercanc\u00edas, el comprador asume toda la responsabilidad, incluido el transporte, el despacho de aduanas y la entrega, pero no significa que no haya requisitos para el vendedor, el vendedor tiene que empacar y etiquetar las mercanc\u00edas cuidadosamente y ayudar al comprador a obtener la documentaci\u00f3n requerida, pero el vendedor no tiene que pagar nada durante este per\u00edodo, el costo a\u00fan corre a cargo del comprador.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventaja: El vendedor puede centrarse en la producci\u00f3n y el comprador puede organizar que las mercanc\u00edas de diferentes proveedores se entreguen en el mismo almac\u00e9n y transportarlas juntas para ahorrar costes log\u00edsticos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desventaja: En ocasiones, se solicitar\u00e1 a los vendedores que ayuden con el despacho de aduana, lo que puede suponer una carga adicional para ellos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/EXW.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68500 lazyload\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68500\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/EXW.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/EXW.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/EXW-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/EXW-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4.DAP (Entrega en el lugar)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/es\/incoterm-dap\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SALTO<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Se aplica al transporte transfronterizo terrestre, mar\u00edtimo y a\u00e9reo, as\u00ed como a todos los dem\u00e1s medios de transporte. En el DAP, el vendedor debe entregar la mercanc\u00eda en el lugar acordado previamente, como las instalaciones del comprador, y asumir todos los costos y riesgos durante el transporte. El comprador reduce considerablemente la carga, pero a\u00fan debe pagar los costos de aranceles, seguros, impuestos y despacho de aduanas importantes, excepto por la mercanc\u00eda. No obstante, en algunos casos, el comprador puede negociar con el vendedor y exigirle que pague el seguro.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventaja: Los productos del vendedor pueden ser m\u00e1s atractivos para el comprador bajo DAP, lo que promover\u00e1 su cooperaci\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desventaja: Si bien es responsabilidad del comprador organizar el despacho de aduana de importaci\u00f3n, el vendedor a\u00fan tiene que asumir los costos de demora si el comprador no termina el despacho de aduana a tiempo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ground.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68501 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68501\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ground.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ground.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ground-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ground-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5.DDP (Entrega con derechos pagados)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/es\/incoterm-ddp\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DDP<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Es lo opuesto a EXW, la opci\u00f3n m\u00e1s conveniente para el comprador; solo debe esperar la mercanc\u00eda y proporcionar informaci\u00f3n precisa sobre la direcci\u00f3n de env\u00edo y las regulaciones. El vendedor asume toda la responsabilidad, desde el transporte hasta la documentaci\u00f3n (aranceles, impuestos y despacho de aduanas). El DDP est\u00e1 disponible para todo tipo de transporte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atenci\u00f3n: La contrataci\u00f3n de un seguro no est\u00e1 incluida en la responsabilidad del vendedor; si no est\u00e1 asegurado, el comprador puede llegar a un acuerdo con el vendedor. En la pr\u00e1ctica, la mayor\u00eda de los vendedores optan por contratar un seguro; despu\u00e9s de todo, deben asumir los riesgos y costos del transporte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventaja: El vendedor puede ofrecer un servicio integral y simplificar el proceso de compra, lo que ser\u00e1 \u00fatil si el vendedor desea mejorar la imagen de marca.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desventaja: El comprador podr\u00eda tener que pagar todos los costos incluidos en el precio de la mercanc\u00eda. El vendedor debe asumir por adelantado el transporte y los impuestos, lo cual supone una gran presi\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/air.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68502 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-68502\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/air.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/air.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/air-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/air-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importadores o exportadores, compradores o vendedores, sea quien sea, aprender los Incoterms es fundamental. Por ejemplo, la \u00faltima versi\u00f3n de los Incoterms se actualiz\u00f3 en 2020; tras esta actualizaci\u00f3n, los costes de seguridad cambiaron considerablemente. Los Incoterms tienen un gran impacto en los costes empresariales, por lo que siempre debemos estar atentos.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preguntas frecuentes<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. \u00bfEl seguro adquirido por el vendedor bajo CIF cubre todos los riesgos?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No, el seguro contratado por el vendedor bajo CIF solo cubre el m\u00ednimo. El comprador debe comunicarse con el vendedor con antelaci\u00f3n y pagar el costo adicional si desea una protecci\u00f3n completa.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la diferencia entre FOB Destino y CIF?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si bien el vendedor debe entregar la mercanc\u00eda en destino tanto en FOB Destino como en CIF, existe una diferencia esencial entre ambos. En FOB Destino, el comprador es responsable del seguro; en CIF, el vendedor es responsable de gestionarlo.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. \u00bfQui\u00e9n es responsable si las mercanc\u00edas quedan atrapadas en la f\u00e1brica debido a que el vendedor no ayuda al comprador con el despacho de aduana de exportaci\u00f3n bajo EXW?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El comprador. En el marco del acuerdo EXW, el comprador es el \u00fanico responsable del despacho aduanero de exportaci\u00f3n; el vendedor solo debe preparar la mercanc\u00eda. Si el comprador necesita asistencia del vendedor, debe convenirse en el contrato.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you a new importer or exporter who doesn\u2019t even know what Incoterms are?\u00a0 Whether your business uses ground freight or maritime freight, you have to learn about the rules and terms involved. Let&#8217;s begin with a brief introduction, then I&#8217;ll tell you about the five most basic and important Incoterms. What Are Incoterms? Incoterms [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":68509,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>5 Important Common Incoterms - Bansar China<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/es\/5-incoterms-comunes-importantes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 Important Common Incoterms - Bansar China\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Are you a new importer or exporter who doesn\u2019t even know what Incoterms are?\u00a0 Whether your business uses ground freight or maritime freight, you have to learn about the rules and terms involved. 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