{"id":68495,"date":"2025-10-22T09:25:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T09:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/?p=68495"},"modified":"2025-10-23T01:07:06","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T01:07:06","slug":"5-incoterms-comuns-importantes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/pt\/5-important-common-incoterms\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Incoterms comuns importantes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Voc\u00ea \u00e9 um novo importador ou exportador que nem sabe o que s\u00e3o Incoterms? Seja qual for o seu neg\u00f3cio, use frete terrestre ou mar\u00edtimo, voc\u00ea precisa aprender sobre as regras e os termos envolvidos. Vamos come\u00e7ar com uma breve introdu\u00e7\u00e3o e, em seguida, falarei sobre os cinco Incoterms mais b\u00e1sicos e importantes.<\/span><\/p>\n

O que s\u00e3o Incoterms?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Incoterms \u00e9 a sigla para Termos Comerciais Internacionais. Foi publicado pela ICC, a C\u00e2mara de Com\u00e9rcio Internacional, em 1936. A ICC atualiza periodicamente os Incoterms para acompanhar as mudan\u00e7as nas pr\u00e1ticas comerciais. Os Incoterms t\u00eam desempenhado um papel importante na promo\u00e7\u00e3o do com\u00e9rcio global.<\/span><\/p>\n

Embora os Incoterms sejam reconhecidos em todo o mundo, eles n\u00e3o s\u00e3o obrigat\u00f3rios; sua fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 esclarecer as responsabilidades de compradores e vendedores para evitar perdas desnecess\u00e1rias. A escolha dos termos depende da negocia\u00e7\u00e3o entre voc\u00ea e seu colaborador.<\/span><\/p>\n

Os 5 Incoterms b\u00e1sicos mais utilizados<\/span><\/h2>\n

1.FOB (Livre a Bordo)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Literalmente falando, <\/span>FOB<\/span><\/a> S\u00f3 pode ser aplicado ao frete mar\u00edtimo. O vendedor transporta as mercadorias at\u00e9 o porto e as coloca a bordo; o comprador assume o controle e arca com os custos de envio. Se voc\u00ea deseja que compradores e vendedores assumam uma responsabilidade justa, escolha FOB como termo comercial. O FOB pode ser dividido em dois tipos diferentes, de acordo com qual lado arca com os maiores custos de transporte.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ponto de embarque FOB: o vendedor envia as mercadorias para o porto e, no navio designado, o comprador fica respons\u00e1vel, incluindo o frete mar\u00edtimo, depois disso.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOB Destino: O vendedor \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel at\u00e9 que as mercadorias cheguem ao destino pr\u00e9-determinado; o comprador assume o risco e os custos depois disso.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vantagem: Os compradores podem controlar o processo de envio e ver o custo real das mercadorias com mais clareza. Os vendedores podem controlar as mercadorias antes do transporte, caso o comprador atrase o pagamento.<\/span><\/p>\n

Desvantagem: Para compradores sem experi\u00eancia em log\u00edstica global, ser\u00e1 dif\u00edcil providenciar o transporte e a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o importante. Para os vendedores, pode ser necess\u00e1rio arcar com custos extras de armazenagem no porto se o navio atrasar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

2.CIF (Custo, Seguro, Frete)<\/span><\/h3>\n

CIF<\/span><\/a> dispon\u00edvel apenas para envio mar\u00edtimo. Se o vendedor precisar oferecer mais prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao comprador ou se o vendedor tiver que pagar o frete e o seguro antecipadamente, compradores e vendedores geralmente optam pelo CIF. O vendedor assume a responsabilidade at\u00e9 a chegada da mercadoria ao porto de destino; o comprador assume o controle ap\u00f3s esse per\u00edodo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Se voc\u00ea for um novo importador ou tiver uma pequena quantidade de mercadorias, o CIF ser\u00e1 a melhor escolha. Voc\u00ea n\u00e3o precisar\u00e1 passar pelo processo complexo, mas saiba que ter\u00e1 que pagar mais do que o valor das mercadorias, pois o vendedor adicionar\u00e1 os custos, e haver\u00e1 mais problemas se voc\u00ea optar pela compra em grandes quantidades.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vantagem: Para pequenas transa\u00e7\u00f5es, usar CIF pode simplificar o processo e economizar esfor\u00e7o do comprador e do vendedor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Desvantagem: o CIF exige apenas o seguro m\u00ednimo, que n\u00e3o cobre todos os riscos.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

3.EXW (Ex Works)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Quando se trata de transporte multimodal, <\/span>EXW<\/span><\/a> \u00e9 a escolha mais f\u00e1cil para vendedores, neste Incoterm, o vendedor s\u00f3 precisa preparar as mercadorias, o comprador assume toda a responsabilidade, incluindo transporte, desembara\u00e7o aduaneiro e entrega, mas isso n\u00e3o significa que n\u00e3o haja requisitos para o vendedor, o vendedor tem que embalar e etiquetar as mercadorias cuidadosamente e ajudar o comprador a obter a papelada necess\u00e1ria, mas o vendedor n\u00e3o precisa pagar nada durante esse per\u00edodo, o custo ainda \u00e9 suportado pelo comprador.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vantagem: O vendedor pode se concentrar na produ\u00e7\u00e3o, e o comprador pode providenciar a entrega de mercadorias de diferentes fornecedores no mesmo dep\u00f3sito e transport\u00e1-las juntas para economizar custos de log\u00edstica.<\/span><\/p>\n

Desvantagem: \u00c0s vezes, os vendedores ser\u00e3o solicitados a auxiliar no desembara\u00e7o aduaneiro, o que pode representar um \u00f4nus adicional para eles.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

4.DAP (Entregue no Local)<\/span><\/h3>\n

PAD<\/span><\/a> Aplica-se a fretes terrestres, mar\u00edtimos, a\u00e9reos e todos os outros modais de transporte transfronteiri\u00e7os. No DAP, o vendedor deve entregar as mercadorias no local previamente acordado, como nas instala\u00e7\u00f5es do comprador, e arcar com todos os custos e riscos durante o transporte. O comprador reduz significativamente o \u00f4nus, mas ainda precisa arcar com os custos de taxas alfandeg\u00e1rias, seguro, impostos e desembara\u00e7o aduaneiro, exceto para as mercadorias; por\u00e9m, em alguns casos, o comprador pode negociar com o vendedor e exigir que este pague pelo seguro.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vantagem: Os produtos do vendedor podem ser mais atraentes para o comprador sob o DAP, o que promover\u00e1 sua coopera\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Desvantagem: Embora seja responsabilidade do comprador providenciar o desembara\u00e7o aduaneiro de importa\u00e7\u00e3o, o vendedor ainda ter\u00e1 que arcar com os custos de atraso se o comprador n\u00e3o concluir o desembara\u00e7o aduaneiro a tempo.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

5.DDP (Entregue com direitos pagos)<\/span><\/h3>\n

DDP<\/span><\/a> \u00c9 o oposto do EXW, a op\u00e7\u00e3o mais conveniente para o comprador; a \u00fanica coisa que o comprador precisa fazer \u00e9 aguardar a entrega da mercadoria e fornecer informa\u00e7\u00f5es precisas sobre o endere\u00e7o de entrega e os regulamentos. O vendedor assume total responsabilidade, desde o transporte at\u00e9 a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o (impostos, taxas, desembara\u00e7o aduaneiro). O DDP est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel para todos os tipos de transporte.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aten\u00e7\u00e3o: a contrata\u00e7\u00e3o do seguro n\u00e3o \u00e9 de responsabilidade do vendedor; caso n\u00e3o haja garantia, o comprador pode chegar a um acordo com o vendedor. Na pr\u00e1tica, a maioria dos vendedores opta por contratar o seguro; afinal, eles precisam arcar com os riscos e custos durante o transporte.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vantagem: O vendedor pode fornecer um servi\u00e7o completo e simplificar o processo de compra, o que ser\u00e1 \u00fatil se o vendedor quiser melhorar a imagem da marca.<\/span><\/p>\n

Desvantagem: O comprador pode ter que pagar todos os custos inclu\u00eddos no pre\u00e7o da mercadoria. O vendedor tem que arcar com todo o transporte e impostos antecipadamente, o que \u00e9 uma grande press\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Conclus\u00e3o<\/span><\/h2>\n

Importadores ou exportadores, compradores ou vendedores, seja quem for, aprender os Incoterms \u00e9 muito importante. Por exemplo, a vers\u00e3o mais recente dos Incoterms foi atualizada em 2020; ap\u00f3s essa atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o, os custos de seguran\u00e7a mudaram bastante. Os Incoterms t\u00eam um grande impacto nos custos das empresas, por isso devemos sempre ficar de olho neles.<\/span><\/p>\n

Perguntas frequentes<\/span><\/h2>\n

1. O seguro adquirido pelo vendedor sob CIF cobre todos os riscos?<\/span><\/h3>\n

N\u00e3o, o seguro adquirido pelo vendedor sob CIF cobre apenas o m\u00ednimo. O comprador deve se comunicar com o vendedor com anteced\u00eancia e pagar o custo adicional se desejar prote\u00e7\u00e3o abrangente.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre FOB Destino e CIF?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Embora o vendedor tenha que entregar as mercadorias no destino tanto no FOB Destino quanto no CIF, h\u00e1 uma diferen\u00e7a essencial entre eles. No FOB Destino, o comprador \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel pelo seguro; no CIF, o vendedor \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel por providenciar o seguro.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Quem \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel se as mercadorias ficarem retidas na f\u00e1brica porque o vendedor n\u00e3o ajudou o comprador com o desembara\u00e7o aduaneiro de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o sob EXW?<\/span><\/h3>\n

O comprador. No EXW, o comprador \u00e9 o \u00fanico respons\u00e1vel pelo desembara\u00e7o aduaneiro de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o; o vendedor precisa apenas preparar as mercadorias. Caso o comprador precise de assist\u00eancia do vendedor, isso deve ser acordado no contrato.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Are you a new importer or exporter who doesn\u2019t even know what Incoterms are?\u00a0 Whether your business uses ground freight or maritime freight, you have to learn about the rules and terms involved. Let’s begin with a brief introduction, then I’ll tell you about the five most basic and important Incoterms. What Are Incoterms? Incoterms […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":68509,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n5 Important Common Incoterms - Bansar China<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bansarchina.com\/pt\/5-incoterms-comuns-importantes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 Important Common Incoterms - Bansar China\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Are you a new importer or exporter who doesn\u2019t even know what Incoterms are?\u00a0 Whether your business uses ground freight or maritime freight, you have to learn about the rules and terms involved. 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Let’s begin with a brief introduction, then I’ll tell you about the five most basic and important Incoterms. What Are Incoterms? 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